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Objective@#To investigate the association of the risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents with their early life factors and parental weight.@*Methods@#From June 1 to June 30 of 2022, the stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to collect information using questionnaires from 5 370 primary and secondary school students in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and multivariate analysis were performed using multiple Logistic regression model estimation in a generalized linear model for parental BMI and early life factors in children and adolescents.@*Results@#The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 32.2% , and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among male students was 37.8%, which was higher than that of female students 26.1% χ 2= 84.59 , P <0.01). The results of the multirariate Logistic regression anaysis showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in only paternal overweight ( OR=1.52, 95%CI =1.30-1.77), only maternal overweight ( OR=1.61, 95%CI = 1.31 -1.97), and parentl overweight ( OR=2.42, 95%CI =2.03-2.87)( P <0.05). The risk of overweight/obesity was higher in children with high birth weight ( OR=1.29, 95%CI =1.08- 1.55 ), children born by caesarean section ( OR=1.32, 95%CI =1.17- 1.48 ), and children whose mothers gained excessive weight during pregnancy ( OR=1.24, 95%CI =1.06-1.46), and the results were statistically significant ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Overweight parents, excessive maternal weight gain during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, and high birth weight are associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. Attention should be paid to these aspects in obesity prevention and control.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of 18F-Alfatide II PET/CT imaging in normal breasts and breast cancer lesions.Methods From March 2016 to August 2017,22 female patients(age:(52±10)years)with suspected breast malignant nodules or masses were prospectively enrolled.All patients underwent 18F-Alfatide II PET/CT imaging prior to biopsy or surgery.The imaging characteristics of normal breasts were assessed visually and the difference of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)in normal breasts and uterus between patients with and without menopause was compared,SUVmax of cancer lesions and normal breasts was also compared.Breast cancer lesions were classified according to the distribution characteristics of radioactive uptake,and molecular subtypes ware determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.The SUVmax of different morphological and molecular subtypes were analyzed.Two-sample t test and Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results There were 23 breast cancer lesions(one patient had bilateral breast cancer lesions and one had a history of one-side breast resection),20 normal breasts and 21 normal uteruses.Those normal breasts and uteruses didn't show any malignant change after being followed up for more than 1 year(one patient had uterine fibroids resection).There was a slight increase of radioactivity uptake in the cord-like connective tissue region at the margin of the gland in 11 mammary glands,and the SUVmax was higher than that of glandular tissue in the central region(1_81±0.67 vs 0.79±0.37;t = 6.771,P<0.00l).Of the 11 cases,except for one patient whose uterus was removed,the other 10 patients were accompanied by increased diffuse radioactivity of the uterus.SUVmax of 19 normal breast connective tissues(1.31±0.80)and uterus(3.80+1.79)were positively correlated(r = 0.785,P<0.05).For patients with/without menopause(n= 11 each group),the SUVmax of normal breast connective tissues(0.72±0.39 vs 1.81±0.67)and uterus(2.04±0.39 vs 5.11 + 1.06)were significantly different(t values:4.42 and 8.66,both P<0.01).Different levels of radioactive uptake were observed in all 23 breast cancer lesions,with SUVmax of 6.93±3.97,which was significantly higher than the nipple,connective tissue and glandular tissue of normal breasts(t values:6.784-7.559,all P<0.05).According to the characteristics of the radioactivity uptake distribution of the lesion,among the 23 breast cancer lesions,5 were mass type,3 were nodular type,4 were diffuse type,and 11 were multi-focal/multi-center type,and the SUVmax of multi-focal/multi-center type was the highest(F=3.55,P<0.05).The SUVmax of basal-like breast cancer lesions(2.49±1.67)was lower than the other three molecular subtypes.Lesions with high level human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive expression had higher SUVmax.Conclusions 18F-Alfatide II PET/CT imaging shows that normal breasts have a slight radioactive distribution,mainly concentrate in the nipple and connective tissues around the glandular,and the uptake have a positive correlation with the radioactive uptake of the uterus.The degree of radioactive uptake of breast cancer lesions is significantly higher than that of normal breasts.Breast cancer lesions with different moqjhological features all have obvious radioactive uptake,especially the multi-focal/multi-center type.Different molecular subtypes have different radioactive uptake levels.SUVmax is lower in basal-like breast cancer lesions,and higher in HER2 positive expression lesions.
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Objective To investigate the selective targeting ability of a novel folate-modified nanobubbles with two-fold amount of folate [(FOL)2-NBs] . Methods DSPE-PEG2000-AD-(FOL)2with two-fold of folate per DSPE-PEG2000 chain was synthesized and then tested by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) . The novel (FOL)2-NBs was prepared using the mechanical shaking method based on lipid-stabilized perfluoropropane . The bubble size was measured by Malvern laser particle size analyzer and the contrast enhancement ability was also detected with imaging machine using a self-made agarose mold . The experiment of selective targeting ability was also carried out in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell with over-expression of folate receptor ( FR) using fluorescence activated cell sorting ( FACS) . Results The result of 1H NMR proved that DSPE-PEG2000-AD-( FOL )2was successfully synthesized ,and the purity reached up to 90% . The novel prepared ( FOL) 2-NBs showed superior contrast enhancement ability with a particle size of ( 286 .87 ± 22 .96) nm . Compared with the conventional NBs ,the novel ( FOL) 2-NBs exhibited improved selective cellular targeting ability proven by FACS . Conclusions A novel nanobubble with improved selective targeting ability is successfully prepared and shows great potential in extravascular imaging and curation in FR overexpressed tumors .
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Objective:To study protective effects of ranolazine preconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfusion in-jury(MIRI)in rats.Methods:A total of 32 SD rats were randomly and equally divided into sham operation group, ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)group,low dose ranolazine group(low dose group)and high dose ranolazine group (high dose group).HR,SBP,DBP,left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP),left ventricular pressure maximum rate of rise(+dp/dtmax),left ventricular pressure maximum rate of de-cline(-dp/dtmax),levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI,severity of myocardial infarction and ATP concentration were measured and compared among all groups.Results:Compared with sham operation group,there were significant re-ductions in LVSP[(119.35 ± 5.00)mmHg vs.(92.68 ± 2.95)mmHg vs.(100.60 ± 3.12)mmHg vs.(112.22 ± 3.69)mmHg],LVDP[(24.78 ± 1.71)mmHg vs.(17.26 ± 1.69)mmHg vs.(19.25 ± 1.05)mmHg vs.(22.18 ± 1.55)mmHg],+dp/dtmax[(3736 ± 102.37)mmHg/s vs.(3115 ± 112.72)mmHg/s vs.(3338 ± 51.88)mmHg/s vs.(3446 ± 37.99)mmHg/s],-dp/dtmax[(3634 ± 102.51)mmHg/s vs.(3015 ± 127.00)mmHg/s vs.(3239 ±37.36)mmHg/s vs.(3349 ± 45.49)mmHg/s]and ATP concentration[(22.54 ± 1.52)nmol/mg vs.(14.08 ± 1.80) nmol/mg vs.(16.88 ± 0.74)nmol/mg vs.(19.34 ± 0.88)nmol/mg],and significant rise in levels of CK-MB [(490.88 ± 168.04)U/L vs.(1259.0 ± 78.02)U/L vs.(1127.9 ± 127.23)U/L vs.(956.62 ± 105.22)U/L], LDH[(1494.9 ± 174.84)U/L vs.(2657.6 ± 104.33)U/L vs.(2293.9 ± 99.58)U/L vs.(1932.6 ± 134.25)U/L]and cTnI[(1.03 ± 0.14)ng/ml vs.(10.62 ± 1.34)ng/ml vs.(6.97 ± 1.32)ng/ml vs.(4.87 ± 0.79)ng/ml] in I/R group,low dose group and high dose group,P<0.01 all.Compared with I/R group,there were significant rise in LVSP,LVDP,+ dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmaxand ATP concentration,and significant reductions in levels of CK-MB,LDH and cTnI and MI severity[(0.5289 ± 0.0223)vs.(0.4887 ± 0.0089)vs.(0.4438 ± 0.0154)]in low dose group and high dose group(P<0.05 or <0.01),and those of high dose group were significantly better than those of low dose group(P< 0.05 or < 0.01).Conclusion:Ranolazine preconditioning possesses significant protective effect on MIRI,and it's dose-dependent.
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Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of breast cancer in patients over 80 years old, to discuss the individualized treatment plan and further to provide foundation for clinical treatment . Methods Data of 58 breast cancer patients over 80 years old were retrospectively analyzed .They were treated from Jun.2008 to May.2014 and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathology after surgery .They were followed up by telephone.Results Among the 58 cases, invasive cancer accounted for 94.8%(55/58), in which triple-negative breast cancer accounted for 29.1%(16/55), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)pos-itive breast cancer accounted for 7.2%( 4/55 ) .Stage III breast cancer accounted for 24%( 14/58 ) .67.2%(39/58)patients underwent breast resection , 55.2%(32/58)patients underwent axillary treatment , 17.2%(10/58)patients received chemotherapy , and 51.7%(30/58) patients received endocrine therapy .Seven cases had recurrence and 3 cases died of the disease .Conclusions Breast cancer in elderly patients has its special clinical and pathological features .It has longer course , relatively late stage , and more complications .It has higher pro-portion of triple-negative breast cancer and lower proportion of positive HER 2.Elderly breast cancer patients are less tolerant to chemotherapy , thus surgery and endocrine therapy are the main treatment .
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect and mechanism of microRNA-208a (miR-208a) in the mitochondrial apoptosis of cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats.@*METHODS@#The primary cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were added into the hypoxia incubator for the hypoxia induction. The overexpression system for miR-208a of cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats was built. The flow cytometry assay was employed to detect the incidence of apoptosis in the over-expressed miR-208a. The mitochondrial staining technique was used to detect the change in the mitochondrial morphology of over-expressed miR-208a. The bioinformatic analysis was chosen to analyze and predict the target gene of miR-208a.@*RESULTS@#Firstly, the primary culture system of cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats was successfully built. The miR-208a was over-expressed in cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats by miR-208a Mimics. Results of flow cytometry assay showed that the over-expressed miR-208a could significantly reduce the incidence of apoptosis; while results of mitochondrial staining indicated the change in the mitochondrial morphology of over-expressed miR-208a and the mitochondrial fission process was inhibited. In conclusion, it was supposed that miR-208a could inhibit the activation of mitochondrial fission process to keep the cardiomyocytes from apoptosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The over-expressed miR-208a can reduce the incidence of apoptosis in the cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats, significantly change the mitochondrial morphology and inhibit the mitochondrial fission process.
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Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of microRNA-208a (miR-208a) in the mitochondrial apoptosis of cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats. Methods: The primary cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were added into the hypoxia incubator for the hypoxia induction. The overexpression system for miR-208a of cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats was built. The flow cytometry assay was employed to detect the incidence of apoptosis in the over-expressed miR-208a. The mitochondrial staining technique was used to detect the change in the mitochondrial morphology of over-expressed miR-208a. The bioinformatic analysis was chosen to analyze and predict the target gene of miR-208a. Results: Firstly, the primary culture system of cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats was successfully built. The miR-208a was over-expressed in cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats by miR-208a Mimics. Results of flow cytometry assay showed that the over-expressed miR-208a could significantly reduce the incidence of apoptosis; while results of mitochondrial staining indicated the change in the mitochondrial morphology of over-expressed miR-208a and the mitochondrial fission process was inhibited. In conclusion, it was supposed that miR-208a could inhibit the activation of mitochondrial fission process to keep the cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Conclusions: The over-expressed miR-208a can reduce the incidence of apoptosis in the cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats, significantly change the mitochondrial morphology and inhibit the mitochondrial fission process.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of problem - based learning ( PBL) used in the teaching of medical students'evidence-based medicine ( EBM) . METHODS: Five classes ( total 147 students ) were randomly selected as experimental ( PBL ) group, at the same time, another 5 classes ( total 149 students ) were also randomly selected as control group, using traditional teaching method ( lecture-based learning, LBL ) in 2010 grade. The final examination scores of the experimental group were compared with control at the end of term. In addition, all students were interviewed using self -administered questionnaire to obtain their evaluation for PBL practice. SPSS13. 0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The homogeneity test in baseline survey showed that the basic characteristics between the two groups of students were no significant differences, and were comparable (P>0. 05). Final exam results showed that in addition to the scores of the EBM basic knowledge indicated no significant difference between two groups of students (P>0. 05), for the 5 steps of EBM procedure, namely, asking questions, finding the best evidence, evaluating the evidence, using and practicing the evidence, re - evaluating the evidence, and the total scores between the two groups, there were significant statistically differences (P0. 05) in aspects of better understanding classroom knowledge, improving language expression ability, and writing skill exercises. And other residual items had a significant difference ( PCONCLUSION: PBL teaching mode can effectively improve teaching effectiveness and the quality of EBM teaching, so the this teaching mode is worth further popularizing.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the reasons of intraoperative complications of microendoscopic disectomy (MED) and corresponding preventive measures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2001 to January 2012, the data of 851 patients with lumbar disc herniation underwent MED were retrospectively analyzed. There were 469 males and 382 females with an average age of 42.5 years ranging 16 to 75. Course of disease was from 1 to 18 months with an average of 3 months. The segments of herniated disc including L3,4 of 24 cases, L4,5 of 418 cases and L5S1 of 409 cases . Main symptoms included low back pain with lower extremity radial pain and numbness. Of them,unilateral lower extremity symptom was in 729 cases and bilateral symptom was in 122 cases. There were at least 2 abnormal signs in the four signs which including feeling anormaly, muscle strength anormaly,dysreflexia and muscle atrophy. Distraction test of nerve was positive. CT or MRI findings must coincide with the clinical symptoms and signs. No lumbar instability,spinal stenosis,the upper lumbar disc herniation or combined with cauda equina nerve syndrome were found in 851 patients. The intraoperative complications were recorded and analyzed for the reasons of the intraoperative complication and related prevention measures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the Macnab standard,424 cases obstained excellent results, 321 good,106 fair,with excellent and good rate of 87.5%. The result was similar to the traditional open operation. One cases transferred to open operation due to equipment breakdown, case died for myocardial infarction at 11 days after the operation, 2 cases occurred acute epidural hematoma in 1 hour after operation. Injury of dura mate of spinal cord occurred in 28 cases and incidence rate was 3.29%(28/851); traction injury of nerve root occurred in 38 cases and incidence rate was 4.46% (38/851). One case occurred in retroperitoneal hematoma, 2 cases in incomplete cauda equina injury and 2 cases in incomplete nerve root breakage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Skilled endoscopic hemostasis techniques,careful and meticulous operation is very important for the prevention of intraoperative complications. Moreover,timely finding and treating the complications was effective measures to prevent the coniplications.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diskectomy , Dura Mater , Wounds and Injuries , Endoscopy , Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal , Intraoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Nerve Roots , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA) on the apoptosis and expression of iNOS and IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes in the presence of high concentration of glucose.Methods THP-1 cells were cultured in medium containing 25.0 mmol/L(HG) or 5.5 mmol/L (LG,control) D-glucose for 12 h-8 d.The THP-1 cells cultured for 6 d were extracted on the 0-48 h with or without HKSA,then apoptosis and expression of iNOS and IL-1β were examined.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and expressions of IL-1β and iNOS were quantitated by real-time PCR.Results The expression of iNOS and IL-1β in THP-1 monocytes was increased significantly in the presence of high concentration of glucose for 12-48 h(P＜0.05),reaching the highest level at 24 h and returned to baseline after 4 d.The expression was significantly lower than that of control after 4-6 d.Apoptosis rate was also increased significantly after 48 h to 4 days.HKSA infection enhanced apoptosis,but inhibited the expression of iNOS and IL-1 β in the presence of high concentration of glucose.The expression of iNOS and IL-1β increased significantly at 6 h(P＜0.01),reaching the highest level at 12 h,but the levels were significantly lower than those in control groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion These data suggest that high concentration of glucose can interfere with the anti-bacterial function of monocytes by reducing their expression of iNOS and IL-1β and enhancing their apoptosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of bufalin on nucleus-mitochondria localization of human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT) by exploring its effect on proliferation and apoptosis in human esophageal squamous carcinoma EC9706 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EC9706 cells were treated with bufalin at various concentrations, and then the cell growth inhibition of EC9706 cells was examined by CCK-8 assay and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) was calculated.Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry with PI staining, and nucleus morphology of apoptosis were observed by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining. The apoptotic index was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. hTERT subcellular localization and protein expression were determined by Western blotting and multiple immunofluorescence labling combined with laser confocal scanning microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation of EC 9706 cells was significantly inhibited by bufalin along with the increase of processing time and concentrations (p<0.01). After the EC9706 cells were exposed to 100 nmol/L bufalin,the number of cells gradually decreased in G(1) phase and increased in S and G(2)/M phases(p<0.05). The typical nucleus morphological changes of apoptosis were observed and the apoptotic index was increased(p<0.01). The expression of hTERT decreased in nucleus but increased in mitochondria(p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bufalin can inhibit the proliferation of human esophageal squamous carcinoma EC9706 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. It can arrest cell cycle in S and G(2)/M phases and induce the apoptosis of EC 9706 cells. hTERT is localized in both nucleus and mitochondria,and can be partially translocated from nucleus to mitochondria during the bufalin-induced apoptosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Bufanolides , Pharmacology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Esophageal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Telomerase , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Yijing Recipe on sperm apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in patients with idiopathic oligoathenoteratospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the self-control method, we examined sperm apoptosis and MMP in 30 patients with oligoathenoteratospermia before and after treated with Yijing Recipe.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates of early sperm apoptosis (AV +/PI -) and MMP loss were significantly reduced after treatment as compared with pre-medication ([2.86 +/- 1.47]% vs [4.26 +/- 2.79]% and [21.77 +/- 13.46]% vs [41.73 +/- 20.30]%, P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the sperm death rate (PI+) before and after treatment ([34.10 +/- 16.26]% vs [30.21 +/- 13.50]%, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yijing Recipe can reduce early sperm apoptosis and improve MMP, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying its efficacy on oligoathenoteratospermia.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Apoptosis , Asthenozoospermia , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Infertility, Male , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial , Oligospermia , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Phytotherapy , Semen Analysis , Sperm Motility , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate intra-operative radiotherapy after breast conservative surgery in early breast cancer patients in terms of postoperative complications,cosmetic outcome and recurrence events.Methods From June 2007 to Dec 2010,115 early breast cancer patients received breast conserving surgery.Fifty-nine patients (study group) received intra-operative radiotherapy,compared with 56 patients (control group) receiving routine postoperative radiotherapy.Postoperative complications were evaluated 1 month after surgery; cosmetic outcome was evaluated 1 year postoperatively; recurrence and death events were followed up.Results The average wound healing time was 13 -22 days in study group and 9 - 14days in control group.In the study group,2 patients developed fat deliquescence,16 patients showed wound edema while no such side effects were found in control group.No infection or hematoma were found in either group.Overall cosmetic outcome was rated 1 year post operation.In the study group (41 cases),36 patients were graded as excellent or good,5 patients were as fair or poor.Meanwhile in the control group (37 cases),wounds in 25 patients were graded as excellent or good,that in 12 patients were as fair or poor (P =0.031).After a follow-up from 3 to 42 months(median:24 months),two patients (3.39％) in study group developed local cancer relapses,one of them( 1.7％ ) died.In control group,one patient ( 1.8％ )developed local relapse,and no one died.Conclusions Intra-operative radiotherapy is safe and reliable with good cosmetic outcome.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of staphylococcus aureus on expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in THP-1 monocytes under high glucose concentrations. Methods:THP- 1 monocytes were incubated at different surroundings with 2×2 factorial design. There were 4 experimental groups in the study, which were analyzed by univariate analysis of variance. The total RNA was distilled. The expressions of iNOS and IL-1β were examined by SQ-RT-PCR. Results:The expressions of iNOS and IL-1β were affected by high glucose concentration, bacteria and both of them together in THP-1 monocytes. The expressions of iNOS and IL-1β were weakened in high glucose concentration compared with that of control(P < 0.01). The expressions of iNOS and IL-1β were weakened in the high glucose concentration and bacterial infection compared with that of the high glucose concentration only(P < 0.01). The expressions of iNOS and IL-1β increased in bacterial infection compared with that of control(P < 0.01). The expression of IL-1β increased in high glucose concentration and bacterial infection compared with that of the high glucose concentration only(P < 0.01) but the expression of iNOS was not distinct. Conclusion:When staphylococcus aureus infected monocytes, the expressions of iNOS and IL-1β were weakened in high glucose concentration, which suggested that the depressed function of immunocyte was related with high glucose concentration.
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Nerve growth factor (NGF) is mainly secreted by the neuroglia cells, which can exert biological effect through its receptors on the specific target cell surface. NGF is closely related to neurocyte growth, differentiation and apoptosis. As a neurotropic virus, HSV-1 an easily lead to neurocyte, neuroglia cells death or apoptosis. In this study, the U251 human glioma cells were chosen as target cells to study the change of NGF and its receptors in the apoptosis process of HSV-1 infection. Our results showed that U251 cells were permissive to HSV-1 replication. In the apoptosis process of HSV-1 infected U251 cells, the expression of both NGF and P75NTR increased and then decreased, while the expression of TrkA decreased gradually. These result indicated that HSV-1 was able to induce the abnormal expression of NGF and its receptors in U251 cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression , Glioma , Genetics , Metabolism , Virology , Herpes Simplex , Genetics , Metabolism , Virology , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Genetics , Physiology , Nerve Growth Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptor, trkA , Genetics , Metabolism , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the change of endogenic nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in human glioma cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>U251 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium and infected with HCMV AD169 strain in vitro to establish a cell model of viral infection. Morphologic changes of U251 cells were observed under inverted microscope before and after infection with HCMV. Expression of NGF gene and protein of cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting before and after infection with HCMV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cytopathic effects of HCMV-infected cells appeared on day 5 after infection. However, differential NGF expression was evident on day 7. NGF expression was decreased significantly in U251 cells on day 7 after infection in comparison with control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HCMV can down-regulate endogenous NGF levels in human glioma cell line U251.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Actins , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cytomegalovirus , Physiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections , Pathology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glioma , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , Models, Biological , Nerve Growth Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Reproducibility of Results , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of CD4(+)T lymphocyte detection in the treatment of cytomegalovirus(CMV) pneumonia following kidney transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to May 2008, 133 recipients of kidney transplantation were enrolled in this study. The number of CD4(+)T cells in peripheral blood was examined. According to the changes of CD4(+)T cell, immunosuppressive agents (CsA/FK506+MMF+Pred) were adjusted, and the effects of CMV pneumonia occurring were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the period of 45-72 day after renal transplantation, 36 cases were found to have significantly lower number of CD4(+)T cells than that before operation. Of the 133 recipients, 12(9.0%, 12/133) had severe pneumonia, during 58-118 days after operation, including 7 with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS); 4 patients(33.3%, 4/12) died and 8(66.7%, 8/12) were cured. The incidence of CMV pneumonia(27.8%, 10/36) in the low- CD4(+)T cell recipients was significantly higher than that(2.1%, 2/97) in patients with normal T cell level(P<0.01). During the withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents, 34 patients had normal kidney function(serum creatinine 71-126 micromol/L), except 2 cases underwent mild acute rejection. In 24 non-pneumonia recipients, the number of CD4(+)T cell kept growing as the withdrawal, on 14, 21 day after the withdrawal increased markedly compared with that on 0 day. In 8 survival patients with CMV pneumonia, the number of CD4(+)T cell rose slowly,on 21 day after the withdrawal increased to the normal level. But in 4 non-survival patients, the number of CD4(+)T cell kept continuously in lower level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CMV pneumonia is associated with lower CD4(+)T cell level in kidney transplant recipients. Determination of CD4(+) T cell could reflect the status of cellular immunity and give directions of the withdrawal. Discontinuance of immunosuppressive agents in severe CMV pneumonia patients was safe. However, it may be helpful to guide the clinical treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Cytomegalovirus Infections , Allergy and Immunology , Immunosuppressive Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Kidney Transplantation , Allergy and Immunology , Pneumonia, Viral , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
During the infection of host cells, IE2 protein is one of the first and most abundantly expressed products of HCMV genome, which plays an important role in the controlling of cell cycle and apoptosis. But the correlation between expression level and anti-apoptotic activity of IE2 protein is still not clear. In this study, we successfully established a HCMV IE2 protein expression cell line that was controlled by Tet-On system. The effect of IE2 protein on cell apoptosis and the expression of p53 was detected under different condition of induction. Our results showed that the IE2 protein could inhibit cell apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. Additionally, the anti-apoptotic activity of IE2 protein seemed to be relevant to its expression level. However, we failed to detect any difference of p53 expression between the IE2 protein expression and non-expression cells. These data indicated that the IE2 protein might inhibit cell apoptosis through regulating different signal pathways.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Genetics , Doxycycline , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation , Genetics , HeLa Cells , Immediate-Early Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Plasmids , Genetics , Trans-Activators , Genetics , Metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Discussing the natural history and the influencing factors of HIV infection among former commercial blood and plasma donors engaged in unsafe blood donation practices in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using ambispective cohort study, with data obtained from ten counties (districts) from six provinces in the National AIDS Control Demonstration Area. HIV/AIDS cases were found and confirmed prior to July 24, 2006 being former commercial blood. Plasma donors were selected and data regarding infection, incidence, death, and influencing factors was collected. Analysis was performed using SPSS 12.0 statistical analysis software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In 7551 cases of HIV infection, there were 6533 typical progressors (86.52%, 4757 cases of AIDS), 108 rapid progressors (1.43%), 910 long-term non-progressors (12.05%) with 4865 cases progressed to AIDS (64.43%). The median incubation period for HIV progression to AIDS was nine years (95% CI:8.96-9.04). (2) According to data, from a total of 1157 AIDS cases without ARV therapy (23.78% of total AIDS cases), there were 283 confirmed AIDS-related deaths, of which the median survival time was 6 months (95% CI:4-7) and the two and three year fatality rates were 95% and 99%, respectively. (3) The duration of HIV incubation period was irrespective to gender and age at the time of HIV infection (P > 0.05). Length of survival for untreated AIDS showed correlation to gender (P < 0.05) but no correlation with culture, marital status or age at the time of diagnosis of AIDS (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the UNAIDS theory regarding slow disease progressors among adults, our study showed a longer AIDS incubation period and shorter outlook for untreated survival, but a similar incubation period for other routes of HIV infection.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Epidemiology , Mortality , Blood Donors , China , HIV Infections , Epidemiology , Mortality , Infectious Disease Incubation PeriodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the CD8+ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) to HIV in nosocomial HIV infected individuals, and reveal the relationship between the CNAR and CD4+ cell count.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>CD8+ cells from HIV-1 sero-positive individuals were separated by immunomagnetic beads and mixed with CD4+ cells at different CD8 CD4 cell input ratios (2:1, 1:1, 0.5:1 and 0.25:1). Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of cocultured supernatant was tested and compared with negative control and the suppression rate of HIV-1 replication was measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The average CD8:CD4 cell input ratios to reach 80% suppression of HIV replication in the group with CD4 < 300/microl and CD4 > 300/microl were 2.4:1 and 1.3:1, respectively (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CNAR activity in HIV infected individuals is associated with CD4+ cell count. The ability to suppress HIV replication in subjects with CD4 > 300 is stronger than those with CD4 < 300.</p>